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A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Glossary

Clinical Toxicology Testing

The CLS Toxicology Laboratory offers a wide range of toxicology analysis:
         Rapid screening for Drugs of Abuse by immunassay techniques 
         Quantitaitve Comprehensive Testing by Gas-Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) methodology.

For Rapid Turn-Around the urine Drugs of Abuse Screen is appropriate for all emergency and non-emergency situations, i.e. Emergency Dept, Psychiatry, all other locations, Community. Drugs of Abuse is performed either to determine compliance with drug rehabilitation programs or to detect drug abuse in asymptomatic patients. The immunoassay screen is sufficiently sensitive to detect classes of drugs or drug metabolites in symptomatic patients. Specific agents within a drug class are not identified. It provides qualitative results for barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cocaine metabolite, cannabinoids, opiates and amphetamines.

Confirmation of Positive screens (amphetamines, cannabinoids, barbiturates, opiates and cocaine metabolite) is performed by GCMS at CLS Toxicology Laboratory upon request.

Periods of detection are estimates and will vayr with individual user's dose, metabolism and elimination.

All results are intended for medical purposes (i.e. treatment) only.

Other STAT Toxicology tests: acetaminophen, salicylates,tricyclics and ethanol.
 
Test requests from Patient Service Centres and Extra-regional Laboratories are analyzed by the CLS Toxicology Laboratory.

 

 

A. Immunoassays - Drugs of Abuse Screen

Results are reported as presumptive positive or negative according to the cut-off values clinically determined. Presumptive positive results only indicate the presence of the drug or metabolite in urine and do not indicate or measure intoxication or efficacy of elimination. Slight variations in immunoassay reactivity may be seen due to changes in antibody and tracer lots. Negative results reflect concentrations that fall below the cut off and do not necessarily exclude the presence of the drug or metabolite. Confirmation testing is not routinely performed on substances in this screen. It is not intended to monitor substance abuse or to detect neonatal drug exposure. Adulteration of the urine sample may cause erroneous results.

For further detailed information, see Characteristics of the Urine Drug Screening Tests used by Calgary Laboratory Services.

 Amphetamines: Reported as a class  Amephetamine
 Methamphetamine
 Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA)
 Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)
 Barbiturates: Reported as a class  Amobarbital
 Butabarbital
 Butalbital
 Pentobarbital
 Phenobarbital
 Secobarbital
 Benzodiazepines: Reported as a class   Alprazolam
 Bromazepam
 Chordiazepoxide
 Clonazepam
 Diazepam
 Flunitrazepam
 Flurazepam
 Lorazepam
 Midazolam
 Nitrazepam
 Oxazepam
 Temazepam
 Triapolam
  
 Cannabinoids   
 Cocaine Metabolites   
 Opiates: Reported as a class  Codeine
 Hydrocodone
 Hydromorphone
 Morphine
 Methadone   

B.  Volatile Analysis

     
For more information please see Volatile Screen.

C.  Gas-Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) - Drug Screen, Comprehensive - Urine

There is a large menu of drugs, which can be identified by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrophotometry (GCMS).  Please note that our method is highly selective and optimized for neutral and basic drugs.

Following is a list of drugs, which can be identified. This list is not all inclusive.

 Acetaminophen  Fenfluramine  Pentobarbital
 Amantadine  Fluconazole  Pentoxyphylline
 Amitriptyline  Flunitrazepam  Perphanizine
 Amobarbital  Fluoxetine  Pethidine
 Amoxapine  Flurazepam  Phencyclidine
 Amephetamine  Guaifenesin  Pheniramine
 Atomoxetine  Heroin  Phenobarbital
 Anileridine  Hydrocodone  Phentermine
 Benzocaine  Hydrocortisone  Phenylpropanolamine
 Benzoylecgonine  Hydromorphone  Phenytoin
 Benztropine  Hydroxyzine  Prednisolone
 Bromazepam  Ibuprofen  Primidone
 Brompheniramine  Imipramine  Procainamide
 Bupivacaine  Ketamine  Procyclidine
 Bupropion  Lamotrigine  Procaine
 Buspirone  Lidocaine  Prochlorperazine
 Butacaine  Loratidine  Promethazine
 Butalbital  Lorazepam  Propoxyphene
 Butorphanol  Loxapine  Propranolol
 Caffeine  Maprotiline  Psilocin
 Canrenone  MDA  Pseudoephedrine
 Carbamazepine  MDMA  Pyrilamine
 Carisoprodol  Meclizine  Quetiapine
 Chlorcyclizine  Memantine  Quinapril
 Chlordiazepoxide  Meperidine  Quinidine
 Chlorophenylpiperazine  Mepivacaine  Quinine
 Chloroquine  Meprobamate  Ranitidine
 Chlorpromazine  Methadone  Rofecoxib
 Citalopram  Methamphetamine  Ropivacaine
 Clobazam  Methaqualone  Secobarbital
 Clomipramine  Methocarbamol  Seroquel
 Clonazepam  Methotrimeprazine  Sertraline
 Clonidine  Methylphenidate  Sildenafil
 Clozapine  Methyprylon  Starnoc
 Cocaethylene  Metoclopramide  Strychnine
 Cocaine  Metoprolol  Theophylline
 Codeine  Metronidazole  Thiopental
 Cotinine  Midazolam  Thioridazine
 Cyclobenzaprine  Mirtazepine  Thymol
 Desethylchloroquine  Moclobemide  Topiramate
 Desipramine  6-monoacetylmorphine         Tramadol
 Dextromethorphan  Morphine  Tranylcypromine
 Diacetylmorphine  Naltrexone  Trazodone
 Diazepam  Naproxen  Triamterene
 Diclofenac  Naratriptan  Triazolam
 Diethylpropion  Nefazodone  Trihexyphenidyl
 Diltiazem  Nevirapine  Trimeprazine
 Diphenhydramine  Nicotine  Trimethoprim
 Dilantin  Nitrazepam  Trimipramine
 Disopyramide  Nizatidine  Tripelennamine
 Doxepin  Nordiazepam  Tripolidine
 Doxylamine  Nortriptyline  Venlafaxine
 Ecgonine methyl ester  Olanzapine  Verapamil
 EDDP  Ondansetron  Xylometazoline
 Emetine  Orphenadrine  Zaleplon
 Enalapril  Oxazepam  Zimelidine
 Ephedrine/Pseudoephedrine       Oxybenzone  Zolpidem
 Erythromycin  Oxycodone  Zopiclone
 Ethosuximide  Paroxetine   
 Fentanyl  Pentazocine